Final answer:
Hemoptysis is the correct medical term for coughing up blood, which can be a symptom of various respiratory conditions (option B).
Step-by-step explanation:
When a patient is complaining of coughing up blood, the correct medical term for this condition is hemoptysis. Hemoptysis is the expectoration (coughing up) of blood or bloody mucus from the lower respiratory tract, which can be a symptom of various underlying conditions, such as bronchitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis, or a pulmonary embolism. It is important to differentiate this symptom from similar-sounding conditions: hemopulmonary spasm is not a recognized medical term; hemothorax refers to blood accumulating in the pleural cavity around the lungs, and a neoplasm is a new and abnormal growth of tissue which can be benign or malignant, but does not specifically refer to coughing up blood.
Hence, the answer is option B.