Final answer:
Mendel's Law of Segregation and Law of Independent Assortment explain how genes are distributed into gametes. The former addresses the separation of alleles, while the latter explains the independent inheritance of different traits.
Step-by-step explanation:
The laws of Mendel that address how parents' genes end up in gametes during meiosis are the Law of Segregation and the Law of Independent Assortment. The Law of Segregation states that alleles for a trait segregate during gamete formation, ensuring that each gamete carries only one allele for each trait. This reflects the events occurring in the first division of meiosis. The Law of Independent Assortment states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes. This means the inheritance of one trait will not affect the inheritance of another trait, illustrated by dihybrid crosses involving two traits that are located on different chromosomes.