Final answer:
Social research is empirical and based on systematic observations and objective measurements. By using operational definitions, researchers ensure their studies are reliable and valid. Methods like participant observation are employed for collecting empirical evidence.
Step-by-step explanation:
Social research is empirical, meaning it is based on observations and measurements of reality. This approach to research is grounded in gathering and analyzing data that comes from direct experience or scientifically collected information. Social researchers aim to avoid biases and subjectivity by employing methods that are systematic and replicable, ensuring that their findings are reliable and valid. An example of a method used by social researchers is participant observation, which allows an in-depth understanding of social situations from an insider perspective, often used by symbolic interactionists.
Another aspect of social research is using operational definitions to measure concepts in a tangible and objective manner, ensuring that all researchers can systematically collect data. Research methods such as experiments, surveys, ethnography, and analysis of existing records all contribute to the empirical nature of social research.