Final answer:
The statement that victimization and harassment can have similar and dissimilar effects is true. They both can lead to significant emotional harm but can vary in forms and severity, with victimization having a broader impact that can include physical harm.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that victimization and harassment can have similar and dissimilar effects is true. Both experiences can lead to significant emotional harm and may result in feelings such as frustration, anger, sadness, helplessness, powerlessness, and fear. However, while victimization encompasses a broader range of harm, harassment, which can be part of victimization, is often characterized by repeated behavior intended to intimidate, offend, degrade, or humiliate a particular person or group. Victimization can also include forms of physical harm, which might not always be a component of harassment. In terms of cyberbullying, a specific form of harassment, victims can experience both emotional and psychological harm that affects self-esteem and could lead to more serious outcomes. The phenomenon of the bystander effect also suggests the complexities within social situations that can affect the dynamics of victimization and response to harassment.