Final answer:
Current studies on social participation emphasize the influential role of social capital, which is forged by relationships and community networks, in fostering civic engagement and political participation. The rise of social media, along with the shifting nature of community involvement, points to a complex landscape where technological connectivity and nonpolitical activities play a critical role in catalyzing participation.
Step-by-step explanation:
Current studies suggest that various factors contribute to changes in social participation. Notably, the concept of social capital plays a significant role in enhancing civic engagement. Social capital refers to the networks, relationships, and norms that foster mutual support and participation within a community. As highlighted by Robert Putnam's 'Bowling Alone', while traditional in-person group involvement like bowling leagues may decline, other forms like soccer leagues or social media platforms are on the rise.
Some researchers have critiqued Putnam's thesis, presenting evidence of technological advancements increasing connectedness and thus political participation. Studies show that social networks facilitate community cohesion, leading to civic and political actions both online and offline. This is further illustrated by the positive relationship between Social media usage and social capital among various age groups, including the elderly.
Moreover, involvement in informal activities and interactions beyond the political sphere, such as hobbies or volunteer work, can also stimulate political engagement. This relationship between nonpolitical activities and increased political participation indicates the multifaceted nature of social participation in communities. However, disparities exist in social opportunities and activities, and not everyone achieves fulfillment through participation, which complicates the relationship between social capital and social participation.