Final answer:
The appropriate study design for retrospectively examining how the use of automated coding software could enhance anti-fraud activities is a B. Case-control study.
Step-by-step explanation:
To explore how the use of automated coding software could enhance anti-fraud activities, researchers might use a variety of study designs. However, in the context of determining how technology affects processes retrospectively, one particular type of study stands out.
A case-control study is an observational study that looks back in time (i.e., retrospectively) to examine how previous behaviors (such as the use of specific software for anti-fraud purposes) align with current outcomes. This would involve a group with the trait of interest (the use of software) compared with a control group without this trait. This study design finds correlations between past behaviors (software use) and current anti-fraud activities' success rates.
Given this information, the correct type of study design used to explore how automated coding software could be used to enhance anti-fraud activities is a B. Case-control study.