Final answer:
A query-based exchange is a health information exchange system that allows healthcare entities to receive data and actively query for patient information, facilitating informed decision-making in clinical settings.
Step-by-step explanation:
The health information exchange structure that enables both the receipt of data and the ability to query an exchange for data is known as a query-based exchange. This type of exchange allows healthcare providers to access and retrieve patient information from other healthcare entities, facilitating the exchange of health information necessary for informed decision-making and care coordination. Unlike a directed exchange, which is used for sending patient data to a known recipient, or a consumer-mediated exchange, which allows patients to manage their own health data, the query-based exchange operates more like a search function within a vast network of healthcare information. It's designed to support unplanned care—where a provider can query the exchange to pull a patient's history during an emergency, for instance. The state health insurance exchanges mentioned in the context of insurance competition function under a different framework, focused on the business side of health insurance rather than the clinical exchange of patient health information.