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If a researcher was interested in whether the use of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) caused colon cancer in postmenopausal women, they would recruit a group of women with colon cancer (cases) and another group of women without colon cancer (controls) as subjects. This type of study design is known as _____.

A. Cohort study
B. Case-control study
C. Cross-sectional study
D. Randomized controlled trial

User Lora
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Final answer:

The study design where researchers compare a group with a trait (cases) to a group without the trait (controls) is known as a Case-control study, which is an observational study.

Step-by-step explanation:

If a researcher was interested in whether the use of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) caused colon cancer in postmenopausal women and they recruited a group of women with colon cancer (cases) and another group of women without colon cancer (controls) as subjects, this type of study design is known as a Case-control study. A case-control study is an observational study where subjects with a trait of interest are compared retrospectively with subjects without the trait. This method was exemplified by Doll and Hill's early research on smoking and lung cancer. Case-control studies are valuable for establishing associations between risk factors and diseases, often used in situations where randomized controlled trials are not feasible.

User STodorov
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