Final answer:
Automatic checks that help preserve data confidentiality and integrity are known as security controls. These include various mechanisms like encryption and access control that protect sensitive information.
Step-by-step explanation:
Automatic checks that help preserve data confidentiality and integrity are security controls. Security controls are preventive, detective, or responsive mechanisms that are put in place to safeguard the information and the systems that process, store, and transmit that information. They play a key role in protecting the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information by enforcing security policies and mitigating risks.
Examples of security controls related to data integrity and confidentiality could include access control mechanisms, encryption, firewalls, antivirus software, and intrusion detection systems. Each of these helps to ensure that unauthorized individuals cannot access sensitive information and that the data remains accurate and untampered with during its lifecycle.