Final answer:
The kidney is located at the back of the abdominal cavity and is therefore dorsal (choice d) to the stomach, since 'dorsal' refers to the back of the body.
Step-by-step explanation:
The kidney is an organ located in the posterior part of the abdomen on each side of the spine. The right kidney sits slightly lower than the left due to the presence of the liver, whereas the left kidney is located slightly more medially. Given that the kidney is situated at the back of the abdominal cavity, the correct answer to the question 'The kidney is ______ to the stomach' is (d) Dorsal. The word 'dorsal' describes the back or direction toward the back of the body, while 'anterior' (ventral) describes the front. Therefore, since the stomach is located in front of the kidneys, the kidneys are dorsal to it.