Final answer:
Mild hyperbilirubinemia occurs in newborns due to their immature liver function and vulnerability to the neurotoxic effects of bilirubin. It is treated with phototherapy.
Step-by-step explanation:
Mild hyperbilirubinemia occurs in newborns due to the immature liver function and the high concentration of bilirubin in their blood. Bilirubin is a product of erythrocyte breakdown and it is processed by the liver and secreted in bile. In newborns, the liver is not yet fully functional, and their immature blood-brain barrier makes them vulnerable to the neurotoxic effects of bilirubin. This can lead to brain damage if the bilirubin levels are too high.
Hyperbilirubinemia is the most common condition requiring medical attention in newborns. It is treated with phototherapy, which uses UV light to help break down the bilirubin quickly.