Final answer:
The statement regarding the death penalty is an example of a claim. A claim is a central element of an argument, which the arguer supports with grounds and warrants, while also acknowledging qualifiers and rebuttals.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement "the death penalty doesn't deter crime" is an example of a claim. A claim is a statement that asserts something to be true, which can be either a fact or an opinion that the arguer believes to be true. This claim can be the basis of an argument where the arguer will provide grounds (evidence or reasoning) to support it, and use a warrant, which is the underlying connection between the grounds and the claim, to strengthen the argument. A qualifier would limit or modify the scope of the claim, and a rebuttal would be a counter-argument that challenges the original claim.
Concerning the death penalty, the Supreme Court has established limitations, such as that it may not be applied to those who were under 18 when they committed a crime. These limitations are grounded in interpretations of the Eighth Amendment, specifically its provision against cruel and unusual punishment.