Final answer:
High levels of bilirubin in the bloodstream can lead to jaundice, which is a yellowish discoloration of the skin. If unchecked, especially in newborns, it can result in neurological damage known as kernicterus. Newborns with high bilirubin are treated with phototherapy to prevent such complications.
Step-by-step explanation:
High levels of bilirubin in the bloodstream can result in a condition known as jaundice, which manifests as a yellowish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes. Bilirubin is a breakdown product of erythrocyte (red blood cell) heme, and the liver is normally responsible for processing it and excreting it in bile. If the liver cannot effectively remove bilirubin from the blood, due to reasons such as excessive hemolysis, liver damage from substances like alcohol, or infections, hyperbilirubinemia occurs. In newborns, high bilirubin levels are particularly dangerous because it can cross the underdeveloped blood-brain barrier and cause neurological damage, a condition known as kernicterus. Therefore, keeping bilirubin levels low is crucial, especially for newborns, who may be treated with phototherapy to break down the bilirubin more quickly.