Final answer:
Northern European Renaissance artwork combined Gothic features with those of the early Italian Renaissance. The main answer is c) Gothic, and Mannerism is a style characterized by its elaborate and exaggerated aesthetics, emerging after the High Renaissance.
Step-by-step explanation:
The main answer to the question posed by the student is c) Gothic. Northern European Renaissance artwork was a stylistic combination of Gothic elements and early Italian Renaissance.Explanation in more than 100 words: The term Mannerism defines a style of European art that emerged in the later years of the High Renaissance around 1520, extending to about 1580. Artists during this period, such as Jacopo da Pontormo, sought new ways to express themselves in their art that deviated from the classic proportions and harmonious compositions of their predecessors like Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, and Michelangelo. Mannerism is characterized by its artificial qualities, elongated forms, irrational settings, and theatrical lighting, serving as a bridge to the Baroque era which followed.Conclusion: Northern European Renaissance artwork incorporated Gothic characteristics, which predates the styles of Mannerism and Baroque, creating a unique fusion with the early Italian Renaissance art.