Final answer:
In evaluations of an autocratic, directive leadership style, females are typically treated differently compared to men.
Step-by-step explanation:
Research indicates that women tend to practice an interpersonal style of leadership, which focuses on the morale and welfare of the employees, while men are more likely to adopt a task-oriented style, concentrating on completing tasks. Significant differences become more pronounced when leadership styles are differentiated between democratic and autocratic, with these differences consistent across various types of studies. However, it is also noted that both genders may need to conform to the organization's culture, which can influence their leadership style. Additionally, there are characteristics where women show tendencies towards transformational leadership, and men towards transactional leadership, though there are overlaps like women using methods of reward for performance, a trait of transactional leadership.
Regarding the options provided:
a. Women have different leadership styles than men.
c. Few women have had the opportunity to hold leadership roles over the course of history.
d. Male historians have refused to acknowledge the contributions of female leaders in their historical records.
These points help to illustrate the complexity of gender dynamics in leadership, with various historical, cultural, and organizational factors playing a role.