Final answer:
Utilitarianism is a consequentialist model because it assesses actions based on the outcomes they produce, specifically their impact on the overall happiness or utility of the greatest number.
Step-by-step explanation:
Utilitarianism is known as a consequentialist model because it assesses actions based on their outcomes. This ethical framework suggests that the morality of an action is determined by its consequences, specifically whether it produces the greatest good for the greatest number. Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill developed utilitarianism, arguing that actions are morally right if they lead to the maximization of happiness or utility.
In contrast to deontological approaches, which focus on the inherent rightness or wrongness of actions regardless of their consequences, utilitarianism evaluates the overall happiness or pleasure resulting from an action.
Consequentialism, within which utilitarianism resides, looks at the wider impact of actions, including the benefits and costs to all affected, rather than just focusing on individual rights or specific moral duties. The correct answer to the question is (d) It assesses actions based on their outcomes.