Question

An agitated, extremely anxious elderly (92 year old) patient is brought to the emergency department. The family member asks the nurse if diazepam (Valium), a benzodiazepine, can be given to calm the patient. What should the nurse know about this medication for this patient?

Select one:
a. The patient is likely to become physically addicted if given this drug.
b. Benzodiazepines should be used cautiously with the elderly due to unpredictable reactions.
c. Benzodiazepines cause significantly more sedation than hypnotics.
d. Higher doses are needed in the elderly.

Answer 1

The nurse should be aware that benzodiazepines like diazepam should be used cautiously with elderly patients due to potential for unpredictable reactions and increased sensitivity. Lower doses are typically required and careful monitoring is essential to prevent adverse effects.

Step-by-step explanation:

In the case of administering diazepam (Valium), a type of benzodiazepine, to an elderly patient, the nurse should be aware that these medications should be used cautiously in this age group because of their potential for unpredictable reactions. Benzodiazepines can indeed cause sedation, hypnosis, decreased anxiety, muscle relaxation, anticonvulsant activity, and can be used to manage anxiety disorders. However, it is important to note that elderly patients typically require lower doses due to the increased sensitivity and decreased metabolism of the drug, and they are at higher risk for adverse effects such as falls, cognitive impairment, and sedation. Therefore, suggesting that 'higher doses are needed in the elderly' is incorrect. Moreover, while physical dependence is a concern with long-term use, the immediate concern in an acute situation would be managing the patient's symptoms safely and effectively with appropriate dosing and monitoring.