Final answer:
Upon a child reporting mild precordial pain during a blood transfusion, the nurse must stop the transfusion, assess the patient, and seek physician involvement immediately due to risks of a transfusion reaction. O-negative blood is used in critical emergency situations where the patient's blood type is unknown. Understanding blood types, like an AB type indicated by agglutination with both anti-A and anti-B antibodies, is crucial in transfusion safety.
Step-by-step explanation:
When a child reports mild precordial pain during a blood transfusion, the most appropriate action of the nurse is to promptly assess the patient, including vital signs and the site of the transfusion to check for any signs of a reaction. The nurse should also immediately stop the transfusion, as precordial pain could be a symptom of a transfusion reaction, and report the symptoms to a physician. It's critical to ensure the safety of the patient by responding swiftly to possible adverse effects of a blood transfusion.
During a blood transfusion, if there's a risk of blood loss of at least 500 ml or 7 ml/kg of body weight in children, it is important to have appropriate access and fluids available. Furthermore, in cases of severe emergency where there is no time to determine a patient's blood type, O-negative blood is generally transfused because it is considered the universal donor and is least likely to cause an adverse reaction.
An understanding of blood types and potential reactions such as hemolytic transfusion reaction is essential. If a patient's blood sample agglutinates with both anti-A and anti-B antibodies, this indicates that the patient has AB blood type, which is an important factor to consider when preparing for a transfusion to prevent possible reactions.