Question

The nurse is teaching a group of parents of children diagnosed with sickle cell anemia. One parent tells the nurse that he or she is so frightened that the child will die and that he or she has heard that certain signs and symptoms can indicate a greater likelihood of death if they occur within the first 2 years of life. Which manifestations does the nurse explain can indicate a severe prognosis? Select all that apply.

a) Splenomegaly

b) Frequent infections

c) Delayed growth and development

d) Acute chest syndrome

e) Jaundice

f) Priapism

Answer 1

The nurse should educate parents of children with sickle cell anemia about severe prognosis signs, including splenomegaly, frequent infections, acute chest syndrome, jaundice, and delayed growth which indicate a severe progression of the disease.

Step-by-step explanation:

Sickle cell anaemia is a genetic disorder that greatly affects the quality of life and prognosis of those who are diagnosed with it. In educating parents about the potential severe prognosis signs within the first two years of life, the nurse should focus on the following manifestations:

• Splenomegaly: An enlarged spleen is common in children with sickle cell anemia due to the increased workload on the spleen to filter abnormal red blood cells.
• Frequent infections: Due to the spleen’s dysfunction and resultant immunocompromised state, children with sickle cell anaemia are more prone to infections.
• Acute chest syndrome: This is a life-threatening complication characterized by chest pain, fever, and an abnormal chest X-ray. It is caused by inflammation and blockage of blood vessels in the lungs by sickled cells.
• Jaundice: The excessive breakdown of red blood cells leads to increased levels of bilirubin, causing yellowing of the skin and eyes.
• Delayed growth and development: Chronic anaemia and other complications can slow down a child's growth and development.

While not all-inclusive, these symptoms and complications can signify a more serious progression of sickle cell disease and warrant immediate attention from healthcare providers to manage or prevent severe outcomes.