Final answer:
To obtain a right atrial pressure reading, the nurse should position the patient correctly, use a sterile technique, calibrate and zero the transducer system, and then monitor the RAP/CVP reading on an external device.
Step-by-step explanation:
When a nurse is preparing to obtain a right atrial pressure (RAP/CVP) reading, several appropriate nursing actions should be taken, as this is an invasive procedure commonly performed in intensive care or during surgery. Firstly, the nurse should ensure that the patient is positioned correctly, typically supine or with the head of the bed elevated to 45 degrees, to standardize the reference point of measurement. The nurse should use a sterile technique to minimize the risk of infection when accessing the central venous line where the catheter has been inserted.
Next, the nurse should ensure the transducer system used to measure pressure is accurately calibrated and zeroed at the level of the atrium, which is often at the midaxillary line at the fourth intercostal space. The nurse will then monitor the RAP/CVP reading on the external measuring device that the catheter is connected to, observing for normal pressure ranges and noting any changes.
Since RAP/CVP monitoring is done using a catheter within a central vein, it is crucial to maintain asepsis throughout the procedure and handle all equipment according to the facility's protocols to prevent complications such as infection or air embolism.