Final answer:
The line that divides the body anteriorly and posteriorly, drawn vertically from the middle of the armpit to the ankle, is called the midaxillary line.
Step-by-step explanation:
The line being described in the question is known as the midaxillary line. It's an imaginary line that runs vertically from the middle of the armpit (axilla) straight down to the ankle. This line serves to divide the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions. Other anatomical lines include the midclavicular line, which drops vertically from the midpoint of the clavicle; the midline, which cuts the body into right and left halves if drawn down the center; and the sagittal line, which can be the midsagittal plane dividing the body into equal right and left sides or a parasagittal plane dividing it into unequal right and left sides.