Final answer:
Ecological succession refers to the process of community changes over time. There are two types: primary succession and secondary succession. The former occurs in an area that has never been colonized before, while the latter occurs in a previously inhabited area that has been disturbed.
Step-by-step explanation:
Ecological succession is the process in which a community changes over time. There are two types of ecological succession: primary succession and secondary succession. Primary succession occurs in an area that has never been colonized before, such as a newly formed island or volcanic rock. In primary succession, pioneer species, like lichens and mosses, gradually colonize the area and create soil. As the soil develops, larger plants, such as grasses and shrubs, can establish themselves. Over time, a diverse forest ecosystem can develop. Secondary succession occurs in a previously inhabited area that has been disturbed, such as after a forest fire or clear-cutting. In secondary succession, the remnants of the previous community, such as seeds and roots, allow for a quicker and more diverse recovery compared to primary succession.