Final answer:
Preterm infants are at risk for dehydration due to the inefficient concentration of urine by their immature kidneys. Proper hydration and electrolyte balance are critical for these infants' health and homeostasis. Pulmonary surfactant production is also typically insufficient in preterm babies, affecting lung function.
Step-by-step explanation:
Maintenance of hydration is crucial for preterm infants because they are at risk for dehydration. The immature neonatal kidneys are inefficient at concentrating urine, leading to the production of very dilute urine. Infants need sufficient fluids from breast milk or formula to maintain homeostasis.
Furthermore, preterm infants are likely to have difficulty with pulmonary surfactant production until their type II cells mature, which can lead to additional complications such as difficulty inflating the lungs.
When it comes to electrolyte balance, an underproduction of ADH (Anti-Diuretic Hormone) can affect kidney function, leading to imbalances and the need for carefully prepared electrolyte solutions to maintain health and well-being in situations of dehydration.