Final Answer:
The nurse is assessing the newborn and discovers a yellowing of the skin. This jaundice appeared at birth and is considered pathological, thus the correct option is b. pathological.
Step-by-step explanation:
Jaundice appearing at birth is generally considered pathological. Jaundice results from an excess accumulation of bilirubin, a yellow pigment produced during the breakdown of red blood cells.
In newborns, physiological jaundice is common and usually appears after the first 24 hours of life.
However, if jaundice is present at birth or within the first 24 hours, it is more likely to be associated with underlying pathological conditions.
Pathological jaundice in newborns can be caused by various factors, such as hemolytic disease, blood type incompatibility between the mother and baby (Rh or ABO incompatibility), or other conditions affecting the liver's ability to process bilirubin.
The rapid onset of jaundice in the early hours or days after birth indicates an abnormality that requires prompt medical attention and further evaluation.
Iron deficiency and hepatitis are not typically associated with jaundice appearing at birth. Iron deficiency may lead to anemia but does not directly cause yellowing of the skin.
Jaundice indicating possible hepatitis usually presents later in infancy and is not the primary concern when jaundice is observed immediately after birth.
Therefore, the most appropriate classification for jaundice appearing at birth is pathological, prompting a thorough assessment and intervention by healthcare professionals.
The nurse is assessing the newborn and discovers a yellowing of the skin. This jaundice appeared at birth and is considered pathological, thus the correct option is b. pathological.