Final answer:
Cells that have hemolyzed will show an increased size, potentially with cell debris, indicating rupture in a hypotonic solution. Crenated cells display a decreased size with an irregular, scalloped shape due to water loss in a hypertonic environment.
Step-by-step explanation:
To tell the difference between cells that have hemolyzed and cells that have crenated, one must observe the cells under a microscope. Hemolysis, which occurs in a hypotonic solution, can be identified by an increased cell size, sometimes to the point where the red blood cell bursts and cell debris is present. Crenation, in contrast, is observed in hypertonic solutions and results in a decreased cell size, where the cell shrinks and the plasma membrane may appear scalloped or notched. Additionally, the cell can have an irregular cell shape due to the loss of water and concentration of solutes within the cytosol, which interferes with diffusion and cell function, potentially leading to cell death.
Understanding these effects is important for comprehending osmoregulation in cells and the impact of different environments on cell morphology and viability.