Final answer:
Metamorphism is the process of transforming minerals and textures in a rock, leading to the formation of foliation. Coal formation occurs when plant material undergoes compaction, heating, and chemical changes. Weathering processes contribute to the breakdown of rocks and the formation of sediment.
Step-by-step explanation:
Metamorphism is the process by which heat, pressure, or fluids transform the minerals and textures of a rock. There are several types of metamorphism, including contact metamorphism, regional metamorphism, and dynamic metamorphism. These processes can result in the formation of foliation, which is a repetitive arrangement of minerals in the rock.
Coal formation is a specific process of sedimentary rock formation. It occurs when plant material is buried and undergoes the processes of compaction and heating. Over time, the plant material undergoes chemical changes and transforms into coal. The different types of coal, such as anthracite, bituminous, and lignite, are categorized based on their carbon content and heating value.
Weathering processes are responsible for breaking down rocks and minerals at the Earth's surface. There are several types of weathering, including physical weathering (such as freeze-thaw cycles and abrasion) and chemical weathering (such as oxidation, hydration, and dissolution). These processes contribute to the formation of sediment, which can eventually become sedimentary rocks.