Final answer:
The correct term for the amount of relative motion of one block over a fault surface relative to another is 4. 'fault displacement'. This can occur in different types of faults, including strike-slip, normal, reverse, and thrust faults.
Step-by-step explanation:
The amount of relative motion of one block over a fault surface relative to another block is called the 4. fault displacement. Faults are fractures in Earth's crust where blocks of rock have slipped past each other. This slippage is not always a smooth process; it often builds up stress which is released in sudden, violent movements that can cause earthquakes.
The walls on either side of a fault are known as the footwall and hanging wall, depending on their position relative to the fault. Types of faults include strike-slip, where the motion is horizontal, and dip-slip, which include normal faults and reverse faults or thrust faults, with vertical movements of the hanging wall either downwards or upwards, respectively.