Final answer:
Forensic identification uniquely applies to an object or an individual, with DNA profiling being a key method in forensics. The uniqueness of DNA allows forensic scientists to match crime scene samples with suspects, aiding in the prosecution and potentially in paternity testing.The correct option is b.
Step-by-step explanation:
Forensic Identification occurs only when some characteristic, set of characteristics, or pattern of characteristics can be said to apply uniquely to an object or an individual. This is central in various forms of forensic analysis, such as DNA profiling. For instance, DNA can be retrieved from materials like hair, blood, or saliva and each person's DNA is unique, which allows forensic scientists to match a DNA sample from a crime scene with a suspect. Courts often rely on such forensic evidence in the prosecution of criminals. DNA analysis provides a powerful tool for forensic identification, but it must be done with caution, as faulty identification can lead to wrongful convictions.
Forensic scientists utilize various techniques like Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) analysis which contributes to the process of DNA fingerprinting, helping to match crime scene samples to suspects or victims. This scientific evidence is crucial for courts to establish indisputable links between the evidence and individuals involved in crimes. A remarkable example of the uniqueness of DNA comes into play with paternity testing, where DNA sequencing can determine familial relationships with high accuracy.