Final answer:
In middle adulthood, the nature of friendship is more focused on deep, supportive, and emotionally rewarding connections. Friendships may become fewer but stronger as individuals prioritize quality over quantity, aligning with both socioemotional selectivity theory and Aristotle's idea of 'perfect friendships'.
Step-by-step explanation:
The nature of friendship in middle adulthood is characterized by meaningful, intimate connections, informed by a shift in focus towards generativity and the nurturing of relationships that contribute positively to one's and others' lives. During middle adulthood, typically from the mid-30s to the mid-60s, individuals may focus more on deepening existing relationships and forming new ones that are based on mutual respect, support, and the fostering of virtuous development. As per socioemotional selectivity theory, while the number of friendships may dwindle, the quality and closeness of these connections often increase, as people prioritize more emotionally rewarding bonds.
Aristotle's concept of incidental and perfect friendships is relevant here; in middle adulthood, individuals are more likely to seek out 'perfect friendships' - those based on mutual goodwill, and less on utility or pleasure. Moreover, the increased vulnerability and dependence that comes with aging, as proposed by exchange theory, may lead to a more calculated approach to relationships unless counterbalanced by nonmaterial assets like love and friendship, which transcend mere resource exchange.
In essence, friendship in middle adulthood leans towards substantial and reciprocal relationships, reflecting the socioemotional and developmental needs of this life stage, with an emphasis on support systems that contribute to positive aging.