Final answer:
The decline in reaction time for older individuals is primarily linked to the degeneration of corticostriatal connections in the brain and physical declines such as reduced muscle mass and reflex speed. Age-related diseases like arthritis and Alzheimer's also negatively affect daily functioning. However, exercise and healthy lifestyle choices can help slow these deteriorations.
Step-by-step explanation:
The most likely cause of slower reaction time for everyday tasks and activities in an older individual is due to age-related physiological changes. Among these, the degeneration of corticostriatal connections in the brain is significant, leading to slower cognitive functions and increased error rate in tasks as evidenced by Forstmann and colleagues (2011). Additionally, general physical decline including reduced muscle mass, slower reflexes, and a weakened immune system contribute to a decreased ability to perform tasks quickly and efficiently. Neurodegeneration in older adults parallels with some aspects of immature neurology in young children, indicating a biological basis for these changes.
Late adulthood is often accompanied by conditions such as arthritis, which can cause pain and stiffness that hinder movement, as well as serious illnesses like heart disease, cancer, and neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. These health issues further impact reaction time and cognitive function. Despite these challenges, it's important to note that lifestyle choices, including regular exercise and healthy habits, can mitigate some of the detrimental effects of aging.