Final answer:
The model that mostly governs maximum security prisons today is the Punishment model, which focuses on retribution and incapacitation of criminals through imprisonment.
Step-by-step explanation:
The model that dominates most maximum security prisons today is the b) Punishment model. This approach to crime is grounded in the idea of retribution, which seeks to punish individuals for their past crimes. Additionally, the punishment model incorporates elements of incapacitation, aiming to prevent future crimes by keeping criminals away from the community, traditionally through imprisonment. American attitudes towards incarceration are rooted in a belief in both the punitive aspects of imprisonment and its potential deterrence effect, despite some arguments advocating for more rehabilitative or restorative justice approaches.