Final answer:
The transition from rehabilitation and reintegration to risk management in criminal justice policy chiefly took place in the 1980s. This was part of a larger shift towards more conservative, punitive approaches to crime. Major bureaucratic expansions occurred during the 1930s with the New Deal and the 1960s with the Great Society programs.
Step-by-step explanation:
The shift from rehabilitation and reintegration to risk management within the criminal justice system primarily occurred during the decade of the 1980s. This change reflected a broader societal and political swing towards more conservative, tough-on-crime policies that emphasized control and containment of risk rather than rehabilitating offenders. The 1980s were marked by significant changes such as the war on drugs and the adoption of policies that favored incarceration over other forms of punishment, which were part of a broader punitive turn in criminal justice.
Regarding large-scale bureaucratic expansion, two notable periods were the 1930s, during which the New Deal was implemented in response to the Great Depression, and the 1960s, which saw the expansion of social programs under the Great Society initiatives. These periods were both characterized by increased government involvement in economic and social welfare policies, aimed at providing relief and improving living standards for citizens.