Final answer:
The bracing method used to stabilize columns by reducing their effective length against buckling is known as 'Sway bracing.' It is a structural engineering technique, essential for preventing columns under compressive stress from buckling, thereby maintaining stability.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement in the question refers to the technique used in structural engineering to stabilize a column or compression member by reducing its effective length, known as lateral bracing. This method is particularly useful for preventing columns from buckling under compressive stress. Lateral bracing is essential in ensuring the stability of structures and is most effective when implemented in multiple planes for added rigidity. In response to the multiple-choice question provided, the correct term for the bracing of a column or other compression member to reduce its effective length, especially in the context of preventing sway or lateral movement, is B) Sway bracing.
It's important to understand that structures can be subjected to various stresses including compressive stress and tensile stress. Compressive stress tries to shorten the material, while tensile stress tries to elongate it. Moreover, elements can undergo sideways stress or a shearing force, leading to shear deformation, which behaves similarly to tension and compression and is described by similar equations. In the case of an arch, the compressive forces are balanced in such a way that tensile stresses are minimized, but sideways thrust at the base needs to be counteracted with adequate bracing or ties to prevent collapse.