Final answer:
The theory positing that aging is a result of species-specific genes is known as Genetic determinism theory. It emphasizes the role of genetic programming in determining an organism's lifespan in contrast to theories that focus on environmental factors or cellular damage like the free radical theory.
Step-by-step explanation:
The name of the theory which says that aging is a result of species-specific genes is Genetic determinism theory.
This theory falls within the broader categories of biological aging theories, where it's believed that genetic programming predetermines the lifespan of individuals and specific species. Aging, according to this school of thought, results from an accumulation of genetic mutations, which leads to cellular malfunction and eventual death of the organism. It contrasts with theories such as the free radical theory of aging, which posits that oxidative stress causes cellular damage that contributes to aging and age-related diseases.
Other theories, such as the wear-and-tear theory, argue that aging is the result of accumulated damage to cells and tissues from various environmental factors. However, the Genetic determinism theory specifically looks at genetic variations as the prime engine driving the process of aging.