Final answer:
The space directly under the roof of a house is known as an attic, which is option 3. It differs from a basement (below ground), loft (adaptable upper space), and den (relaxation room). Attics are used for storage or additional living space, as seen in evolved home designs displaying various room configurations.
Step-by-step explanation:
The space directly under the roof of a building, particularly a house, is known as an attic. This area is typically used for storage, but it can also be converted into living space, such as a bedroom or home office. In contrast to the other options provided, basement refers to a space below ground level, loft is often an open, adaptable space within the upper area of a building that can be used for living or working, and den is a comfortable room within a house used for relaxation or socializing.
Homes have evolved over time with different configurations and uses of space, as seen in architectural floor plans and the importance of light and ventilation in living spaces, such as the use of clerestory windows. The primary bedroom in a house is typically larger than other bedrooms and comes with its own bathroom, designed to offer privacy and comfort for the household heads. Despite these variations, the attic has remained a distinctive feature of many homes, offering a space just beneath the roof that rises above the other rooms of the house.