Final answer:
The projection that makes walls wider at the bottom of a building, which provides better bearing on the ground, is known as the 'footing'. This is a critical part of the foundation that ensures stability and better load distribution.
Step-by-step explanation:
Walls are generally made wider just at the bottom, resulting in better weight distribution and stability. This wider section is known as the footing, and it is a critical part of a building's structure as it helps to distribute the load of the walls and upper parts of the building more evenly across the soil. The foundation for a building is similar, but it refers to the overall system that connects the structure to the ground, and it may include footings as a component. In the options provided, the correct answer for the projection that makes walls wider at the bottom is Option 3: Footing.
In the construction of a building, the process begins with laying a strong foundation, which often includes footings to improve stability and load-bearing capacity. Structures developed in various architectural styles incorporated different materials, like wood for pier-and-beam construction or stone columns in a post and lintel system. These systems required strong foundations and footings to ensure the structures were able to withstand downward and outward pressures.