Question

Ion gradients established across membranes by V-type ATPase pumps range from

A) 1-10-fold
B) 10-100-fold
C) 10-1000-fold
D) 1-1000-fold
E) 10-10,000-fold

Answer 1

Ion gradients created by V-type ATPase pumps typically range from a 10- to 1000-fold difference in ion concentration, necessary for several cellular functions including nerve and muscle cell activity.

Step-by-step explanation:

The ion gradients established across membranes by V-type ATPase pumps are crucial for various cellular processes, including the transport of substances across the membrane. These gradients, created by the activity of ion pumps that move ions against their concentration gradients, can range significantly in magnitude. The ion gradients are the result of the pumps using ATP to transport ions, typically hydrogen ions, across a membrane, establishing both concentration and electrical gradients. While specific values can vary, a common range for the gradient is from a 10- to 1000-fold difference in ion concentration across the membrane. This is essential for many cellular functions, including the generation of electrical potentials in nerve and muscle cells that are vital for their function.