Final answer:
Universities and research institutions receiving federal funding must have an Institutional Review Board (IRB) to review and approve research involving human subjects, focusing on participant safety and ethical compliance.
Step-by-step explanation:
Institutions that receive federal funds or conduct research involving medical devices or drugs must establish an Institutional Review Board (IRB). An IRB is a committee comprised of administrators, scientists, community members, and other stakeholders. This board is tasked with reviewing research proposals to ensure that they comply with ethical standards and federal regulations, with a focus on protecting the safety and rights of human participants. Before research can proceed, it must receive approval from the IRB, ensuring informed consent is obtained from participants, and that potential risks are minimized in relation to benefits.