Final answer:
Empirical knowledge is based on data gained through the senses, such as observation and experience, central to scientific inquiry. It is a key element of empiricism, a philosophy that emphasizes evidence and testing against observations of the natural world over just theoretical reasoning.
Step-by-step explanation:
Having a foundation based on data gathered through the senses (e.g., observation or experience) rather than purely through theorizing or logic is known as empirical knowledge. This type of knowledge is integral to scientific discovery and involves a methodical process for affirming hypotheses. The steps include observation, hypothesis formation, careful observation, refinement of the hypothesis, deduction of tests for the hypothesis, testing and experimentation, and finally, confirmation or falsification of the hypothesis.
Empiricism in the philosophy of science underscores the significance of evidence, particularly that obtained through experiments. It's foundational to the scientific method, asserting that all hypotheses and theories must undergo rigorous observation of the natural world rather than solely relying on reasoning a priori, intuition, or divine revelation. Empirical evidence is direct experience or data collected scientifically, ensuring factual and repeatable findings that withstand scrutiny across various observers.
Historically, empiricists like John Locke believed in tabula rasa, meaning the mind starts as a blank slate, with knowledge resulting from sensory experiences. Modern empiricism evolved to incorporate principles by pragmatists and logical positivists, who extended its practical applications.