Final answer:
Philosophical inquiries into the traditional concept of a timeless God surface issues regarding divine foreknowledge versus human freedom, the problem of evil, and conflicts between spiritual causation of the material world and scientific explanations. The atheistic perspective sees these problems as resulting in the rise of materialistic science and the eclipse of divine causation. Di-polar theism and other metaphysical challenges also contribute to the complexity of understanding divine perfection and the nature of God's relation to time and creation.
Step-by-step explanation:
When discussing the traditional theism, the concept of God as timeless raises several issues. One of the central problems is the tension between divine foreknowledge and human freedom; God's omniscience and determination of the future seem incompatible with the notion of free will. Additionally, the existence of evil challenges the idea of an infinitely good deity, creating what is known as the problem of evil. The issue of how a spiritual being could cause material phenomena, and the apparent conflict between scientific explanations such as the Theory of Evolution and creation narratives, are other significant concerns.
These complexities have led to the suggestion that traditional theism may be incoherent. The atheistic argument follows that the dualistic nature of a traditional deity led to the rise of a materialistic scientific view, and subsequently, divine causation was sidelined in favor of naturalistic explanations.
Moreover, the notion of perfection in di-polar theism suggests that God, to be perfect, must embody capabilities to both control and to leave room for resistance to His will. This stands in contrast with the perspective that portrays God as an unmoved mover, which was proposed by ancient Greek philosophers and conflicts with scriptural creation accounts and the possibility of miracles.
Further issues arise from the metaphysical challenges, such as the concept of creating something from nothing (ex nihilo) and the paradoxical notion of the "beginning of time."
In conclusion, considerations of God's nature, such as changeability in response to a changing universe and abstract qualities remaining immutable, raise intricate philosophical questions about time, eternity, and divine characteristics.