Final answer:
The adrenal glands secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine for short-term stress responses and cortisol and aldosterone for long-term stress responses, contributing to the body's ability to manage stress.
Step-by-step explanation:
When you are stressed, your adrenal glands secrete several hormones that help your body manage and respond to the stress. In the short term, during the alarm reaction or 'fight-or-flight' response, the adrenal medulla releases epinephrine and norepinephrine. These hormones quickly prepare your body for immediate action.
For long-term stress responses, the hypothalamus releases corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), which then stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). ACTH activates the adrenal cortex to secrete corticosteroids, such as cortisol and mineralocorticoids like aldosterone.
Cortisol is known as the stress hormone and helps provide energy in reaction to stressors, while aldosterone helps regulate blood pressure and fluid balance. If these responses are sustained, such as with chronic stress, it can lead to detrimental health effects, including a weakened immune system.