Final answer:
The tissue covering the top of the head is the skin or cutaneous membrane, a protective stratified squamous epithelial tissue. The meninges, including the dura mater, are the protective coverings of the brain and spinal cord beneath the skull.
Step-by-step explanation:
The tissue that covers the top of the head is a protective layer known as the skin, or specifically the cutaneous membrane. This epithelial tissue is a stratified squamous epithelium that consists of multiple layers of cells. The most apical layer comprises dead, keratinized cells to provide protection against abrasion, pathogens, and to prevent desiccation. Underneath the epithelial layer is connective tissue providing support and integration to the tissue layers.
When discussing the brain's protective coverings, the meninges encompass three layers known as the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater. The dura mater, which is a thick, durable membrane, directly attaches to the inner surface of the skull and effectively serves as a protective sheath encasing the brain and spinal cord. The role of these meningeal membranes is crucial for the central nervous system's (CNS) protection.