Final answer:
The iSCSI VSS Provider enables applications connected to an iSCSI target to perform volume shadow copies of data on iSCSI virtual disks, integrating with the Windows Volume Shadow Copy Service.
Step-by-step explanation:
The component of the iSCSI Target Server role that can also be installed to enable applications connected to an iSCSI target to perform volume shadow copies of data on iSCSI virtual disks is the D) iSCSI VSS Provider.
VSS stands for Volume Shadow Copy Service, which is a Windows service that allows for the creation of shadow copies or snapshots of computer files or volumes, even when they are in use. The iSCSI VSS Provider integrates with this service to allow shadow copying of virtual hard disks that are exposed through iSCSI.