Final answer:
Protein and RNA synthesis occur in the G1, S, and G2 phases of the cell cycle, but not in the G0 phase, which is a resting phase where cell division has stopped.
Step-by-step explanation:
Protein and RNA synthesis occur in each phase of the cell cycle: G1, S, G2, except the G0 phase. The G0 phase is a resting phase where the cell has left the cycle and has stopped dividing. Non-dividing cells such as neurons may remain in G0 indefinitely.
Protein and RNA synthesis mainly occur during the active phases of the cell cycle which include the G1 phase (cell growth and protein synthesis), S phase (DNA replication), and G2 phase (preparation for mitosis). These phases collectively make up the interphase.
Protein and RNA synthesis occur in each phase of the cell cycle: G₀, G₁, S, G₂, except? During the G₀ phase, the cell is in a resting state and has stopped dividing. It is a period where the cell has left the cycle and does not undergo active protein and RNA synthesis. Cells may remain in the G₀ phase for extended periods or indefinitely, such as neurons or fully differentiated cells.