Final answer:
The cell bodies of neurons mediating proprioception for the periodontal ligament of the max molar are located in the trigeminal system of the head and neck, specifically in brainstem nuclei such as the mesencephalic nucleus, the chief nucleus, and the spinal trigeminal nucleus.
Step-by-step explanation:
The cell bodies of neurons mediating proprioception for the periodontal ligament of the maxillary molar are located in the trigeminal system of the head and neck. This system includes different brainstem nuclei such as the mesencephalic nucleus, the chief nucleus, and the spinal trigeminal nucleus, which receive and relay proprioceptive information to the thalamus and cortex.
For example, the chief nucleus, located in the pons, receives light touch and proprioceptive information about the mandible and sends it to the thalamus, ultimately reaching the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe. The spinal trigeminal nucleus, located in the medulla, receives information about crude touch, pain, and temperature from the periodontal ligament, which is then relayed to the thalamus and cortex.