Final answer:
Modernism in the arts refers to the break from tradition and the exploration of new forms of expression, while in philosophy, it signifies the belief in objective truths, a notion challenged by postmodernism which posits the subjective and socially constructed nature of reality.
Step-by-step explanation:
Just like 'realism,' 'modernism' encapsulates two meanings, each a reflection of its context in the arts and philosophy. In the realm of artistic and literary movements, modernism represents a break from the tradition, exploring new forms of expression and challenging the conventional narratives and aesthetics of the prior era. This movement is often signified by a departure from realism, as modernist artists sought to capture not merely the surface of life but its deeper truths, using abstraction, symbolism, and experimental techniques.
In philosophical discourse, particularly with the advent of postmodern thinking, modernism can refer to the belief in objective truths and absolute narratives. Postmodernists argue against this notion, positing that reality is subjective and socially constructed, with meaning and truth dependent on the language and context used by different groups. This nuanced view opens up a multiplicity of 'realities' rather than a single, verifiable reality, challenging the foundations laid out by modernism. It is crucial to understand the multi-layered implications of these terms in discussions of literature and art, as they reflect the evolution of thought and the varied approaches to understanding human experiences.