Final answer:
Juxtamedullary nephrons have longer loops of Henle that extend into the renal medulla, aiding in superior urine concentration regulation, whereas cortical nephrons have shorter loops, mainly residing within the renal cortex.
Step-by-step explanation:
Juxtamedullary nephrons and cortical nephrons differ primarily in the length of their loops of Henle and their location within the kidney. Juxtamedullary nephrons are adjacent to the border of the cortex and medulla with loops of Henle that extend deep into the renal medulla, which allows them to regulate urine concentration effectively.
On the other hand, cortical nephrons have a shorter loop of Henle that does not dip beyond the cortex, which places them predominantly within the renal cortex.
Juxtamedullary nephrons have a longer loop of Henle that extends into the renal medulla, allowing them to regulate urine concentration better than cortical nephrons which have a shorter loop of Henle that does not dip beyond the cortex. Additionally, juxtamedullary nephrons have a larger glomerulus, allowing them to filter blood at a greater rate than cortical nephrons.