Final answer:
The biological approach to behavior integrates physiological and evolutionary perspectives, recognizing that behaviors adapt through natural selection to increase survival and reproduction chances.
Step-by-step explanation:
Role of Evolution and Behaviour in Biological Approach
The biological approach to understanding behavior considers both immediate physiological causes and the ultimate biological causes shaped by evolution. Behaviors, much like anatomical features, can adapt to an organism's surroundings, which includes both the physical and social environments. This adaptation is driven by genetics and is subject to the same evolutionary pressures, such as natural selection, that influence all biological traits.
From an evolutionary perspective, behaviors that increase an organism's chances of survival and reproduction tend to be favored over time. Charles Darwin, a pioneer of evolutionary theory, recognized that behavior is adaptive and explored this in his works 'The Descent of Man' and 'The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals'. Moreover, in human behavior, the drive to survive and propagate one's genetic inheritance can influence actions, including mating behaviors and altruistic behaviors.
Understanding the evolutionary underpinnings of behavior helps explain the variety of actions seen in species, including humans. This understanding is supported by multiple scientific disciplines and is key to the field of biological anthropology.