Final answer:
A schema is a mental construct consisting of related concepts that help organize information. In cognitive psychology, schemata play a role in processing and interpreting information by categorizing it and making assumptions based on existing knowledge.
Step-by-step explanation:
A schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts. It is a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.
In the context of the cognitive approach in psychology, schemata play a crucial role in how we process and interpret information. They help us categorize and understand new information by relating it to existing knowledge and experiences. Schemata also allow us to fill in gaps in information by making assumptions based on our existing knowledge. However, schemata can sometimes lead to biases or inaccuracies if they are not updated or adjusted based on new information.