Final answer:
The Scramble for Africa was the competition among European countries to establish colonies in Africa during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It reached its height during the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 and resulted in about 90% of Africa being under European control. European powers made agreements and went to war with local rulers to gain dominance over Africa.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Scramble for Africa refers to the competition among European countries to establish colonies in Africa during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It was motivated by international rivalry and the desire to gain access to raw materials and new markets.
The Scramble for Africa reached its height during the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885, where European nations partitioned Africa among themselves without input from Africans. By the end of the 19th century, about 90% of Africa was under European control.
During this period, European powers made agreements with local kings and chieftains and went to war with others in their quest to establish dominance over Africa. The Scramble for Africa had a significant impact on the continent's history and led to the establishment of colonial administrations and the exploitation of Africa's resources.